Understanding Dark Spots: Why They Happen and How to Care for Your Skin

Dark spots are patches of skin that appear darker than the surrounding area because of excess melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour. They can show up on the face, hands, shoulders, chest, or anywhere the skin has been exposed to sun, irritation, or inflammation.

Dark spots are very common and can affect people of all skin tones. In skincare, they are often referred to as hyperpigmentation.

There are several common causes of dark spots:

Sun exposure is one of the biggest reasons. Over time, UV rays can trigger the skin to produce more pigment, leading to sun spots or age spots.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can happen after the skin has been irritated or injured. This may occur after acne, eczema, insect bites, picking at the skin, or even friction.

Hormonal changes can also play a role. Conditions such as melasma often cause darker patches, especially on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, or chin.

Dark spots are usually harmless, but they can take time to fade. Some may lighten naturally, while others need consistent skincare and sun protection.

Helpful skincare ingredients for dark spots often include:

• Vitamin C to brighten and support a more even-looking complexion

• Niacinamide to help reduce the appearance of uneven tone

• Azelaic acid for calming and brightening support

• Retinoids to encourage skin renewal

• Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) for gentle exfoliation

• Sunscreen to prevent spots from becoming darker

Daily sunscreen is especially important. Without sun protection, dark spots may become more noticeable and harder to improve.

It is also important not to pick at pimples or irritated skin, as this can worsen pigmentation and slow healing.

If a dark spot changes shape, colour, size, or looks unusual, it is best to get it checked by a doctor or dermatologist.